Dissection of Dicot Seed
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A dicot seed, short for dicotyledonous seed, is a type of seed that has two cotyledons, which are the primary leaves of the embryo. Dicots, one of the two major groups of flowering plants (the other being monocots), typically exhibit characteristics such as net-like veins in their leaves, vascular bundles arranged in a ring within the stem, and flower parts usually in multiples of four or five.
A typical dicot seed consists of the following parts:
1. Seed Coat: The outer protective layer of the seed.
2. Hilum: The scar on the seed coat marking the point where the seed was attached to the ovary wall.
3. Micropyle: A small pore near the hilum through which water enters the seed.
4. Cotyledons: The two embryonic leaves that store nutrients for the developing seedling.
5. Embryo: The young plant contained within the seed, consisting of:
- Radicle: The embryonic root.
- Plumule: The embryonic shoot.
To dissect a dicot seed like a gram seed, follow these steps:
Materials Needed:
- Dry gram seeds
- Water for soaking
- Tweezers
- Scalpel or sharp knife
- Petri dish or clean surface
- Hand lens or dissecting microscope (optional)
Procedure:
1) Soak the Seeds: Place the dry gram seeds in water and allow them to soak for about 8-12 hours or overnight. This softens the seed coat and makes it easier to dissect.
2) Remove the Seed Coat: Take a soaked seed and gently rub it between your fingers to remove the outer seed coat. This may require careful handling to avoid damaging the cotyledons inside.
3) Split the Seed: Once the seed coat is removed, you will see the two large cotyledons. Use a scalpel or sharp knife to gently separate the cotyledons. They are held together by a small portion of tissue.
4) Observe the Embryo: Examine the inner side of one of the cotyledons to locate the small, white, and delicate embryo. The main parts of the embryo to identify are:
- Radicle: The pointed end that will develop into the root.
- Plumule: The small shoot part that will develop into the stem and leaves.
5) Use a Hand Lens: For a closer look at the detailed structures, use a hand lens or dissecting microscope.
By dissecting a dicot seed, you can clearly observe its internal structure, which includes the two cotyledons, the radicle, and the plumule. This dissection process helps understand the early stages of plant development and the roles of different seed parts in germination and growth.
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